Palghar, Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Greater Mumbai districts of Maharashtra form the Konkan Coastal belt of Maharashtra. In the coastal areas the immediate effect of high groundwater development is often sea water intrusion. Although there were sporadic studies by earlier workers (Umrikar et al., 2007, Gupta et al. 2010) into some reported isolated cases of seawater intrusion in the coastal areas, this has been a maiden attempt to decipher the extent of seawater intrusion in the entire coastal tract of Maharashtra.The area is underlain by Dharwarian meta-sediments (Lower Precambrian age), Deccan Trap lava flows (Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age), Laterites (Pleistocene age) and Coastal alluvial deposits (Recent to Sub-Recent age). Groundwater occurs under phreatic condition in the Coastal and riverine alluvium, laterites and weathered/fractured rocks. The area has been covered by systematic hydrogeological surveys, reappraisal Surveys and groundwater monitoring by CGWB. in these formations depth to water levels range from 0.6 m bgl to 8.07 m bgl. Groundwater is mildly alkaline with pH range of 6.9 to 9.0. Electrical conductivity ranges from 61 to 29370 ?S/cm at 25?C. Only two Samples from Dapoli in Raigad district show EC values higher than 3000 ?S/cm at 25?C. In general, water quality is good and suitable for domestic use and irrigation. In order to confirm the sea water intrusion, ionic ratios like Na:Cl, and Cl:CO3 + HCO3, were computed. From the analysis it is found that about 2 to 10 km wide coastal belt and the inland tidal backwaters are affected by salinity intrusion. It is revealed that about 55% of the analysed samples have indicated salinity ingress. The extent of sea water intrusion is more in the southern part progressively diminishing towards northern area. The maximum effect is observed in Sindhudurg district followed by Ratnagiri, Raigad, Palghar and Greater Mumbai.Over-exploitation of groundwater in pockets and diminishing seaward freshwater flow in the rivers are the major reasons for sea water ingression. Regulation of groundwater development in the coastal area and areas adjacent to estuaries, maintaining adequate stream flow, stopping of riverbed sand mining, construction of tidal regulators at suitable places and creation of fresh water barrier through rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge are essential to control further sea water intrusion in the area.
Quality Assessment of Ground Water in Coastal Maharashtra with Special Reference to Sea Water Intrusion
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Palghar, Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg and Greater Mumbai districts of Maharashtra form the Konkan Coastal belt of Maharashtra. In the coastal areas the immediate effect of high groundwater development is often sea water intrusion. Although there were sporadic studies by earlier workers (Umrikar et al., 2007, Gupta et al. 2010) into some reported isolated cases of seawater intrusion in the coastal areas, this has been a maiden attempt to decipher the extent of seawater intrusion in the entire coastal tract of Maharashtra.The area is underlain by Dharwarian meta-sediments (Lower Precambrian age), Deccan Trap lava flows (Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age), Laterites (Pleistocene age) and Coastal alluvial deposits (Recent to Sub-Recent age). Groundwater occurs under phreatic condition in the Coastal and riverine alluvium, laterites and weathered/fractured rocks. The area has been covered by systematic hydrogeological surveys, reappraisal Surveys and groundwater monitoring by CGWB. in these formations depth to water levels range from 0.6 m bgl to 8.07 m bgl. Groundwater is mildly alkaline with pH range of 6.9 to 9.0. Electrical conductivity ranges from 61 to 29370 ?S/cm at 25?C. Only two Samples from Dapoli in Raigad district show EC values higher than 3000 ?S/cm at 25?C. In general, water quality is good and suitable for domestic use and irrigation. In order to confirm the sea water intrusion, ionic ratios like Na:Cl, and Cl:CO3 + HCO3, were computed. From the analysis it is found that about 2 to 10 km wide coastal belt and the inland tidal backwaters are affected by salinity intrusion. It is revealed that about 55% of the analysed samples have indicated salinity ingress. The extent of sea water intrusion is more in the southern part progressively diminishing towards northern area. The maximum effect is observed in Sindhudurg district followed by Ratnagiri, Raigad, Palghar and Greater Mumbai.Over-exploitation of groundwater in pockets and diminishing seaward freshwater flow in the rivers are the major reasons for sea water ingression. Regulation of groundwater development in the coastal area and areas adjacent to estuaries, maintaining adequate stream flow, stopping of riverbed sand mining, construction of tidal regulators at suitable places and creation of fresh water barrier through rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge are essential to control further sea water intrusion in the area.
| Publication Mode |
Online |
|---|---|
| Publication Author |
S. S. Hegde, Anu Radha Bhatia, Catherine Louis, R. K. Sharma |
| Publication Language |
English |
| Publication Type |
Conference Paper |
| Publication Year |
2021 |
| DOI |
10.17491/cgsi/2022/168754 |
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