The Kutch rift basin is filled with synrift Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments and Post-rift Late Paleocene to Pliocene and Quaternary sediments. The Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene break in sedimentation is marked by postrift inversion related uplift and Deccan Trap volcanism. The Trap flows separate the two groups Mesozoic and Tertiary. The ammonite rich highly fossiliferous Mesozoic strata attracted attention of the paleontologists and based on the ammonite assemblages the Mesozoic was classified by Waagen (1875) into four age groups. This initial classification was later expanded and modified by subsequent workers like Spath, Rajnath, Biswas, Krishna et al. and Fursich et al. With the development of new stratigraphic concept and recognition of Litho-, Bio- and Chrono-stratigraphy, both Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphy were re-studied and revised. Wynne and Fedden were the first to map the entire basin during the period, 1867-69, and described the geology of the basin in great details (1872). They strictly followed the lithologic criteria in selecting the Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphic units for mapping. Following the cue from Wynne, Biswas and co-workers worked out a lithostratigraphic classification (Biswas, 1971; 1977) and carried out detailed mapping of the entire basin tracing the precisely defined rock-units. The classification had taken note of the varying litho-facies and association in different sub-basins in the rifted set up. This classification was formally presented following the Inernational Code of stratigraphic classification, terminology and usage (Hedberg, 1972). The classification is undergoing refinement as more detailed researches are carried out by later workers applying new concepts like sequence stratigraphy, sediment dynamics and facies. However, some workers are advocating for retaining the old names of four stratigraphic units given by Waagen in 1875 as ‘traditional’ names although these names had no relevance to stratoypes and facies variation and do not fit into present concept of lithostratigraphy. These so called traditional units were never defined with description of lithology and the boundaries based on field mapping excepting locally by some later workers (Rajnath, 1932; Agarwal, 1957). In this paper, the views and suggestions of different workers and the current status of the Mesozoic stratigraphy are reviewed and a modified and updated version of rock-stratigraphic classification is presented.The Tertiary stratigraphy was also studied in great details and systematically classified in all the three categories which are well accepted. Many new research works are being carried out presently on different aspects of stratigraphy applying the latest concepts.The main objective of this review is to present the current status of the Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphy of Kutch and update the classifications.
Mesozoic and Tertiary Stratigraphy of Kutch* (Kachchh) ? A Review
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The Kutch rift basin is filled with synrift Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments and Post-rift Late Paleocene to Pliocene and Quaternary sediments. The Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene break in sedimentation is marked by postrift inversion related uplift and Deccan Trap volcanism. The Trap flows separate the two groups Mesozoic and Tertiary. The ammonite rich highly fossiliferous Mesozoic strata attracted attention of the paleontologists and based on the ammonite assemblages the Mesozoic was classified by Waagen (1875) into four age groups. This initial classification was later expanded and modified by subsequent workers like Spath, Rajnath, Biswas, Krishna et al. and Fursich et al. With the development of new stratigraphic concept and recognition of Litho-, Bio- and Chrono-stratigraphy, both Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphy were re-studied and revised. Wynne and Fedden were the first to map the entire basin during the period, 1867-69, and described the geology of the basin in great details (1872). They strictly followed the lithologic criteria in selecting the Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphic units for mapping. Following the cue from Wynne, Biswas and co-workers worked out a lithostratigraphic classification (Biswas, 1971; 1977) and carried out detailed mapping of the entire basin tracing the precisely defined rock-units. The classification had taken note of the varying litho-facies and association in different sub-basins in the rifted set up. This classification was formally presented following the Inernational Code of stratigraphic classification, terminology and usage (Hedberg, 1972). The classification is undergoing refinement as more detailed researches are carried out by later workers applying new concepts like sequence stratigraphy, sediment dynamics and facies. However, some workers are advocating for retaining the old names of four stratigraphic units given by Waagen in 1875 as ‘traditional’ names although these names had no relevance to stratoypes and facies variation and do not fit into present concept of lithostratigraphy. These so called traditional units were never defined with description of lithology and the boundaries based on field mapping excepting locally by some later workers (Rajnath, 1932; Agarwal, 1957). In this paper, the views and suggestions of different workers and the current status of the Mesozoic stratigraphy are reviewed and a modified and updated version of rock-stratigraphic classification is presented.The Tertiary stratigraphy was also studied in great details and systematically classified in all the three categories which are well accepted. Many new research works are being carried out presently on different aspects of stratigraphy applying the latest concepts.The main objective of this review is to present the current status of the Mesozoic and Tertiary stratigraphy of Kutch and update the classifications.
Publication Mode |
Online |
---|---|
Publication Author |
S. K. Biswas |
Publication Language |
English |
Publication Type |
Conference Paper |
Publication Year |
2016 |
DOI |
10.17491/cgsi/2016/105405 |
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