An investigation to record spatial and seasonal distribution of recent benthic ostracoda was carried out along two transects (East and Northeast) off Rameswaram island of Tamil Nadu coast, India. Thirty sediment and bottom water samples were collected during January 2011 and April 2011 and analysed for various physico-chemical and sediment characteristics using standard procedures. The top 4 cm sediment was preserved in 10% formaldehyde and later in the laboratory the live and total population of Ostracoda was determined using the rose Bengal stain technique. Faunal frequencies for benthic ostracods were computed and correlated with physico-chemical and sediment characteristics. The correlation reveals that ostracod frequency has a positive correlation with sandy substrate and negative correlation with clay substrate and OM%. Faunal frequencies increased by 3 times during summer (April 2011) although values of physico-chemical and sediment characteristics do not show considerable variation from January 2011. The east transect is proximal to the coral reef and characterized by sandy substrate in both seasons, supports high populations and therefore is more congenial for ostracod proliferation. Finally, environmental variables have been correlated with those measured three decades ago to understand the causes for variations.
Distribution of Recent Benthic Ostracoda off Rameswaram, Palk Strait, Tamil Nadu, South East Coast of India
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An investigation to record spatial and seasonal distribution of recent benthic ostracoda was carried out along two transects (East and Northeast) off Rameswaram island of Tamil Nadu coast, India. Thirty sediment and bottom water samples were collected during January 2011 and April 2011 and analysed for various physico-chemical and sediment characteristics using standard procedures. The top 4 cm sediment was preserved in 10% formaldehyde and later in the laboratory the live and total population of Ostracoda was determined using the rose Bengal stain technique. Faunal frequencies for benthic ostracods were computed and correlated with physico-chemical and sediment characteristics. The correlation reveals that ostracod frequency has a positive correlation with sandy substrate and negative correlation with clay substrate and OM%. Faunal frequencies increased by 3 times during summer (April 2011) although values of physico-chemical and sediment characteristics do not show considerable variation from January 2011. The east transect is proximal to the coral reef and characterized by sandy substrate in both seasons, supports high populations and therefore is more congenial for ostracod proliferation. Finally, environmental variables have been correlated with those measured three decades ago to understand the causes for variations.
| Publication Mode |
Online |
|---|---|
| Publication Author |
K. Baskar, S.G.D. Sridhar |
| Publication Language |
English |
| Publication Type |
Conference Paper |
| Publication Year |
2013 |
| DOI |
10.17491/cgsi/2013/63296 |
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Conference Papers, SP-12: Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies
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Gujarat Alluvial plains are well known for prolific aquifer system but due to overexploitation of groundwater in North Gujarat districts, the ground water levels have shown a declining trend, which entails higher water lifting cost in addition to the increasing investment in deepening of wells. As natural recharge of groundwater is not commensurate with groundwater extraction, the groundwater levels have dipped more than 190 m below ground level at some places of North Gujarat. In such areas, it is felt that artificial recharge of groundwater has much scope in water conservation and augmentation. Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has given a new dimension to the groundwater sustainability in North Gujarat through harvesting of the surplus runoff and storing the same in the sub-surface reservoir adopting artificial recharge techniques.The present paper deals with the various activities undertaken by the Central and State Governments to arrest the groundwater level from further decline and also maintain the quality of groundwater. Based on the Pilot studies in the UNDP assisted project during the years 1980-85 in the Gujarat State, CGWB has advocated for artificial recharge of groundwater by spreading channel and injection methods to counteract the impact of overexploitation in the North Gujarat. In the Central Sector Scheme (CSS) of Ministry of Water Resources (now Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation), Government of India, demonstrative artificial recharge structures have been constructed by the State Government in the Saraswati river bed at Madhu Pavdi check Dam in Sidhpur, Patan district, Due to non availability of surplus water in the North Gujarat Region, Government of Gujarat launched an ambitious inter basin water transfer program known as Sujalam Sufalam Yojana. In this Sujlam Suphalam Yojana one major unlined recharge canal named as Sujlam Suphalam spreding canal has been constructed with a length of 332 km from Mahi to Banas River which diverts of surplus flood waters of Kadana Reservoir and the Narmada to the water deficit areas. In the Lift Irrigation scheme, nine reservoirs of North Gujarat region are planned to be filled by laying pipelines utilising surplus flood water of Narmada.
Aquifers: Forging the Convergence Between Groundwater and Communities in the Heterogeneous Groundwater Systems of Western and Central India
Conference Papers, SP-12: Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies
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C-168770
The high reliability of rural and urban settlements on groundwater in India and the individualistic nature of groundwater usage make groundwater management and governance extremely challenging. Groundwater resources development in India, even today, has progressively become synonymous with increasing the accessibility of the resource through more and more sources and meeting the growing demand through the infrastructure of distribution. Management of groundwater becomes selflimiting when the focus is on exploration for new sources, without understanding resource behaviour. On the other hand, experience has shown that bringing aquifers to the centre stage of groundwater management is important. The concept of aquifers changes the way in which communities begin to perceive groundwater and becomes the first step in developing socioecological resilience to groundwater-related vulnerability. Building resilience to groundwater-related vulnerability further includes developing a governance mechanism that strikes a balance between supply management and demand regulation through an understanding of the resource, i.e., the aquifer.Aquifer systems in India are highly diverse and complex because of the variation in their inherent properties such as storativity, transmissivity and groundwater quality. Aquifer vulnerability is a consequence of not only how the rampant exploitation and contamination of groundwater occur, but also how different aquifers react to these fluxes. Moreover, irrespective of the scales of groundwater accumulation and movement, micro-level analysis of aquifers becomes imperative because of the atomistic nature of groundwater access and use. A systematic hydrogeology-based approach that requires delineating aquifers, understanding the dynamics of groundwater and mapping the demand and dependence of community on the resource holds the key to decentralized groundwater governance in India. Such an approach can be undertaken through participatory monitoring, decision support and action.The inherently heterogeneous nature of aquifers and communities in western and central India demand a strategic application of mapping, characterizing and managing local aquifers through a participatory groundwater management protocol. This nuanced approach beginning with aquifers as both a resource and a system, ensures equitable, efficient and hence, the sustainable management and governance of aquifers in this region.
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Conference Papers, SP-12: Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies
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C-168752
The water sector in Maharashtra is facing critical challenges. First, uneven availability of water over space and time is the biggest challenge and secondly, dramatically increasing competing demands for water from different sectors are giving rise todisputes and conflicts. Of the total water used in the state, about 82% goes to irrigation, 12% for domestic water supplies, 4% forindustrial use, and the remaining for other uses such as livestock, hydro and thermal power generation. With the urban population of about 51 million (45%), and rapidly growing urban centres and industries, there is considerable gap in demand and supply of thestate's scarce water resources. This has posed serious challenges to water security. There can be only limited dependence upon the groundwater resources for the protective irrigation in the State as 85% area is Deccan basalt having limited ground water recharge potential. Also access to safe drinking and other domestics is a challenge in the rural areas of the State. Planning and Management of water resources in a coordinated and holistic manner is needed. Considering the scarcity of water in large part of Maharashtra and substantial utilisation by irrigation sector, there is a need to expedite measures for improving Water Use Efficiency (WUE) so that water saved in irrigation can be utilised for other non-irrigation purposes. The paper gives an overview of the water resources scenario in Maharashtra with reference to surface water and discusses various water management issues that need focused attention. The paper brings out the impact of decision of various water dispute tribunals on the water availability for the State and also the need for inter-basin and intra-basin water transfer. It emphasises the need for upscaling use of Micro Irrigation (MI), Pipe distribution system, large scale integrated MI systems throughout the State etc. for not only to save substantial amount of water but also to help in increase the productivity and quality of agriculture produce. The paper also touches upon the issues of water quality and flood management in the State.
Surface Water Resources of Madhya Pradesh: An Overview
Conference Papers, SP-12: Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies
SKU:
C-168761
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Conference Papers, SP-12: Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies
SKU:
C-168758
Surface water resources in Rajasthan are scarce and scanty owing to hot arid climatic conditions. Major parts of western Rajasthan are devoid of any major drainage system and are reeled under spells of chronic droughts. Average annual rainfall in the state is of the tune of 540mm, decreases westward and is even less than 150mm in the western most parts of Jaisalmer district. Annual Potential evapo-transpiration is also as high as 2060mm in parts of Jaisalmer district. There are 15 river basins in the state. There are also numerous natural as well as artificial freshwater lakes including Pushkar, Rajsamand, Nakki, Ana Sagar, Kayalana, Ramgarh, Foy Sagar etc. mainly in the southern and eastern parts of the state. Salt lakes include Sambhar, Kuchaman, Pachpadra, Didwana, Phalodi, Lunkaransar etc. Indira Gandhi Nahar (IGNP), Bhakara and Gang canals have been constructed to bring Himalayan water to the desert areas of western Rajasthan in addition to other major commands of Chambal, Mahi and Narmada canals etc. In Rajasthan, irrigation projects completed include 22 Major projects, 77 Medium projects, 660 Minor projects and 3139 Tanks have been transferred to Panchyat Raj Department. Usable water is of the magnitude of 16.05 BCM and the Gross Storage Capacity created is of the order of 14.547 BCM. The Live Storage Capacity created is about 11.99 BCM. Out of the total allocated share of 17.88 BCM under interstate water agreement, average annual water availability remains 12.66 BCM due to various climatic, political, institutional or hydrological reasons. In addition to various Central Government Schemes, Watershed schemes and Mukhyamantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan are also implemented in the state.
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Conference Papers, SP-12: Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies
SKU:
C-168750
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Delineation of Aquifers through Ground Water Exploration in Goa State
Conference Papers, SP-12: Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies
SKU:
C-168767
CGWB (1997) Master Plan for Goa state. Central Ground Water Board, Faridabad. CGWB (2009-2011) Basic Data reports of Piezometers. Hydrology Project-II in North and South Goa Districts, Goa State, Central Ground Water Board, 2011. CGWB (2013) Report on Ground Water Exploration in Goa State. Technical Report of Central Ground Water Board, Faridabad, 2013. CGWB (2015) State Report of Goa (Hydrochemistry), Central Ground Water Board, Faridabad, 2015. DPSE (2009) Statistical Handbook of Goa. Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation, Panaji, Goa, 2009. DOWR (2012) Ground Water in Goa. Department of Water Resources, Govt. of Goa, 2012. DPSE (2011) Goa at a glance. Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation, Panaji, Goa. 2011. Gopalakrishnan, Gukul, A.R., Srinivasan (1985) Stratigraphy and Structure of Goa, Earth Resources for Goa?s Development (publication), Geol. Surv. India, 1985. Gukul, A. R. (1985) Structure and Tectonic of Goa, Earth Resources for Goa?s Development (publication), Geol. Surv. India, 1985. Subburaj, A. and Davithuraj, J. (2019) State Report of Goa (Hydrogeology), Central Ground Water Board, Bangalore, 2019. Subramanian, P.R., Sahoo, K.B. Bhatnagar, S.K (1997) Results of Ground water exploration in hard rock areas of Vidarbha Region, Maharastra, Proceedings of National seminar on Hydrogeology of Precambrian Terrains and Hard Rock Areas, Karnatak University, Dharwad.
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